What are the causes of bellows compensator failure?
Release time:
Apr 21,2022
Enterprises manufacturing directly buried bellows compensators have analyzed the causes of bellows expansion joint failures and found that, during operation, failures primarily manifest in two forms: corrosion-induced leakage and instability-induced deformation, with corrosion-related failures being the most common. An anatomical analysis of corroded bellows reveals that corrosion-induced failures typically fall into two categories: pitting corrosion leading to perforation and stress-corrosion cracking.
Enterprises manufacturing directly buried corrugated compensators have analyzed the failure causes of bellows expansion joints and found that, during operation, failures primarily manifest in two forms: corrosion-induced leakage and instability-induced deformation, with corrosion-related failures being the most common. An anatomical analysis of corroded bellows reveals that corrosion-induced failures typically fall into two categories: pitting corrosion leading to perforation and stress-corrosion cracking.

Among these, stress corrosion cracking caused by chloride ions accounts for approximately 95% of all corrosion-related failures. Therefore, taking appropriate measures—such as correctly selecting the material and structure for bellows manufacturing, rationally designing waveform parameters and fatigue life, and ensuring proper installation quality—can significantly enhance the safety and reliability of bellows expansion joints. In terms of design, it is essential to consider the stability of the bellows and take precautions against its instability.
Data show that the compensation capacity of a bellows depends on its fatigue life: the higher the fatigue life, the smaller the compensation capacity per wave. To reduce costs and increase the compensation capacity per wave, the allowable fatigue life must be lowered. As a result, the meridional bending stress induced by displacement becomes greater, leading to higher overall stress and significantly reducing the stability of the bellows.
When the allowable service life of a bellows is relatively short, not only are the meridional equivalent stresses high, but the hoop stresses are also relatively high, causing local areas of the bellows to quickly enter plastic deformation and leading to instability and failure of the bellows. In addition to proper design, the selection of materials for bellows compensators is also critically important.
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