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Let’s take a closer look at what the function of a head is.
Release time:
Nov 16,2021
A head refers to a component used to seal the end of a vessel, isolating the media inside and outside. It is also known as an end cap. The heads of cylindrical vessels are generally rotational shells. According to the shape of their surfaces, heads can be classified into convex, conical, flat, and combined types. A convex head is one whose outer surface has a convex shape, such as hemispherical, elliptical, dish-shaped, or seamless spherical heads.
A head refers to a component used to seal the end of a vessel, isolating the internal and external media; it is also known as an end cap. The heads of cylindrical vessels are generally rotational shells. According to the shape of their surfaces, heads can be classified into convex, conical, flat, and combined types. A convex head is one whose outer surface has a convex shape, such as hemispherical, elliptical, dish-shaped, and seamless spherical heads.
Some gas cylinders use combined bottom heads with a convex inner surface, which not only ensures sufficient strength but also meets the requirements for safe operation. The head is a component of the vessel that is joined to the cylindrical shell by welding (as shown in the figure below). Depending on their geometric shapes, heads can be classified into several types, including spherical, elliptical, dish-shaped, spherical-crown-shaped, conical-shell, and flat covers.
Among these, spherical, elliptical, dish-shaped, and hemispherical heads are collectively referred to as convex heads. In terms of welding, they are categorized into butt-welded heads and socket-welded heads. These heads are used in a wide variety of vessel equipment, such as storage tanks, heat exchangers, towers, reactors, boilers, and separation devices. Materials used include carbon steels (e.g., A3, 20#, Q235, Q345B, 16Mn), stainless steels (e.g., 304, 321, 304L, 316, 316L), alloy steels (e.g., 15Mo3, 15CrMoV, 35CrMoV, 45CrMo), aluminum, titanium, copper, nickel, and nickel alloys.
The head is an essential component that cannot be omitted in pressure vessel equipment across numerous industries, ranging from petrochemicals and nuclear energy to food, pharmaceuticals, and more. The head serves as the end cap of a pressure vessel and is a key pressure-bearing part of the vessel. Its primary function is to provide a sealing effect. First, it forms the top and bottom ends of tank-type pressure vessels. Second, when a pipeline reaches its end and there’s no further intention to extend it forward, a head is used to seal the pipe by welding.
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